【社会人文】现代医学发源地是古埃及而非古希腊
发布日期：2025-01-04 10:34 点击次数：182
>Egyptians, not Greeks were true fathers of medicine09 May 2007 Scientists examining documents dating back 3,500 years say they have found proof that the origins of modern medicine lie in ancient Egypt and not with Hippocrates and the Greeks.The research team from the KNH Centre for Biomedical Egyptology at The University of Manchester discovered the evidence in medical papyri written in 1,500BC - 1,000 years before Hippocrates was born."Classical scholars have always considered the ancient Greeks, particularly Hippocrates, as being the fathers of medicine but our findings suggest that the ancient Egyptians were practising a credible form of pharmacy and medicine much earlier," said Dr Jackie Campbell."When we compared the ancient remedies against modern pharmaceutical protocols and standards, we found the prescriptions in the ancient documents not only compared with pharmaceutical preparations of today but that many of the remedies had therapeutic merit."The medical documents, which were first discovered in the mid-19th century, showed that ancient Egyptian physicians treated wounds with honey, resins and metals known to be antimicrobial.The team also discovered prescriptions for laxatives of castor oil and colocynth and bulk laxatives of figs and bran. Other references show that colic was treated with hyoscyamus, which is still used today, and that cumin and coriander were used as intestinal carminatives.Further evidence showed that musculo-skeletal disorders were treated with rubefacients to stimulate blood flow and poultices to warm and soothe. They used celery and saffron for rheumatism, which are currently topics of pharmaceutical research, and pomegranate was used to eradicate tapeworms, a remedy that remained in clinical use until 50 years ago. "Many of the ancient remedies we discovered survived into the 20th century and, indeed, some remain in use today, albeit that the active component is now produced synthetically," said Dr Campbell."Other ingredients endure and acacia is still used in cough remedies while aloes forms a basis to soothe and heal skin conditions."Fellow researcher Dr Ryan Metcalfe is now developing genetic techniques to investigate the medicinal plants of ancient Egypt. He has designed his research to determine which modern species the ancient botanical samples are most related to."This may allow us to determine a likely point of origin for the plant while providing additional evidence for the trade routes, purposeful cultivation, trade centres or places of treatment," said Dr Metcalfe."The work is inextricably linked to state-of-the-art chemical analyses used by my colleague Judith Seath, who specialises in the essential oils and resins used by the ancient Egyptians."Professor Rosalie David, Director of the KNH Centre, said: "These results are very significant and show that the ancient Egyptians were practising a credible form of pharmacy long before the Greeks."Our research is continuing on a genetic, chemical and comparative basis to compare the medicinal plants of ancient Egypt with modern species and to investigate similarities between the traditional remedies of North Africa with the remedies used by their ancestors of 1,500 BC."The research is being funded by the Leverhulme Trust.Ends本人已认领该文编译，48小时后若未提交译文，请其他战友自由认领。Egyptians, not Greeks were true fathers of medicine现代医学发源地是古埃及而非古希腊Scientists examining documents dating back 3,500 years say they have found proof that the origins of modern medicine lie in ancient Egypt and not with Hippocrates and the Greeks.科学家根据资料回溯到3500年前，他们发现现代医学起源于古埃及，而不是现在认为的希波格拉底和希腊。The research team from the KNH Centre for Biomedical Egyptology at The University of Manchester discovered the evidence in medical papyri written in 1,500BC - 1,000 years before Hippocrates was born. 曼彻斯特大学KNH中心的埃及生物学研究小组发现公元前1500年前医学草稿，比希波格拉底的出生早1000年。"Classical scholars have always considered the ancient Greeks, particularly Hippocrates, as being the fathers of medicine but our findings suggest that the ancient Egyptians were practising a credible form of pharmacy and medicine much earlier," said Dr Jackie Campbell. Dr Jackie Campbell说，经典的学者一直都尊重古希腊，特别是希波格拉底，把希波格拉底当作医学之父，但是我们的发现显示古埃及总结的可信的医学和药学方法的时间更早一些。"When we compared the ancient remedies against modern pharmaceutical protocols and standards, we found the prescriptions in the ancient documents not only compared with pharmaceutical preparations of today but that many of the remedies had therapeutic merit."当我们比较古代的治疗和现代的药学诊断纪录和标准，我们发现在古老资料中描述的方例不但可与现在的药物制品相比，并且许多治疗还有优点。The medical documents, which were first discovered in the mid-19th century, showed that ancient Egyptian physicians treated wounds with honey, resins and metals known to be antimicrobial.这个医学资料在19世纪中期发现首次发现，其中记载以前的埃及医生用蜂蜜、树脂和金属治疗伤口，他们有抗菌作用，The team also discovered prescriptions for laxatives of castor oil and colocynth and bulk laxatives of fig and bran. Other references show that colic was treated with hyoscyamus, which is still used today, and that cumin and coriander were used as intestinal carminatives.医生也同时发现具有致泄作用的蓖麻油和柯罗辛，还有容积性泻药无花果和糠麸。其他的资料显示绞痛可以用莨菪治疗，而且莨菪直到今天还用于治疗绞痛，茴香和胡妥用来治疗肠胀气。Further evidence showed that musculo-skeletal disorders were treated with rubefacients to stimulate blood flow and poultices to warm and soothe. They used celery and saffron for rheumatism, which are currently topics of pharmaceutical research, and pomegranate was used to eradicate tapeworms, a remedy that remained in clinical use until 50 years ago. 进一步的研究资料显示骨骼肌功能障碍用引赤药来刺激血液循环，用敷糊药使骨骼肌温暖缓解。他们用芹菜和藏红花治疗风湿，这一应用目前也是药理学研究的一个课题，石榴用来清除绦虫，这个治疗方法在50年前还在应用。"Many of the ancient remedies we discovered survived into the 20th century and, indeed, some remain in use today, albeit that the active component is now produced synthetically," said Dr Campbell. Dr Campbell说，很多当时的治疗，我们在20世纪还可以发现，纵使活性成分已经被合成，实际直至今天还有许多在应用。"Other ingredients endure and acacia is still used in cough remedies while aloes forms a basis to soothe and heal skin conditions." 其他的一些成分，如阿拉伯胶用于治疗咳嗽，芦荟用来光滑皮肤病用来治疗皮肤疾病，一直到今天还在应用。Fellow researcher Dr Ryan Metcalfe is now developing genetic techniques to investigate the medicinal plants of ancient Egypt. He has designed his research to determine which modern species the ancient botanical samples are most related to.研究人员Dr Ryan Metcalfe现在正在发展遗传技术，用来研究古埃及这些药用植物。他设计研究来确定当代的植物种类哪一个与古代植物的样本最相关。"This may allow us to determine a likely point of origin for the plant while providing additional evidence for the trade routes, purposeful cultivation, trade centreS or places of treatment," said Dr Metcalfe. Dr Metcalfe说，这个研究可以让我们确定哪一个植物与这些药用的植物有相似点，为我们的交易途径、有目的的培养、交易地点和治疗地点提供有力证据。"The work is inextricably linked to state-of-the-art chemical analyses used by my colleague Judith Seath, who specialises in the essential oils and resins used by the ancient Egyptians."通过我们的同志Judith Seath的研究，这个工作是与化学分析的工艺水平分不开的，Judith Seath擅长于古埃及挥发油和树脂的研究。Professor Rosalie David, Director of the KNH Centre, said: "These results are very significant and show that the ancient Egyptians were practising a credible form of pharmacy long before the Greeks. KNH中心的主任Rosalie David教授说, 这些结果很重要，他们证明了古埃及总结的可信的药学方法的时间更早一些"Our research is continuing on a genetic, chemical and comparative basis to compare the medicinal plants of ancient Egypt with modern species and to investigate similarities between the traditional remedies of North Africa with the remedies used by their ancestors of 1,500 BC."我们继续在遗传、化学成分和相当的基础几个方面对古埃及的植物和现在的植物进行比较，研究北非的传统治疗方法和公元前1500年前他们祖先所用治疗方法的相似性。The research is being funded by the Leverhulme Trust.这个研究由Leverhulme Trust资助完成。现代医学发源地是古埃及而非古希腊 科学家根据资料回溯到3500年前，他们发现现代医学起源于古埃及，而不是现在认为的希波格拉底和希腊。曼彻斯特大学KNH中心的埃及生物学研究小组发现公元前1500年前医学草稿，比希波格拉底的出生早1000年。Dr Jackie Campbell说，经典的学者一直都尊重古希腊，特别是希波格拉底，把希波格拉底当作医学之父，但是我们的发现显示古埃及总结的可信的医学和药学方法的时间更早一些。当我们比较古代的治疗和现代的药学诊断纪录和标准，我们发现在古老资料中描述的方例不但可与现在的药物制品相比，并且许多治疗还有优点。这个医学资料在19世纪中期发现首次发现，其中记载以前的埃及医生用蜂蜜、树脂和金属治疗伤口，他们有抗菌作用，医生也同时发现具有致泄作用的蓖麻油和柯罗辛，还有容积性泻药无花果和糠麸。其他的资料显示绞痛可以用莨菪治疗，而且莨菪直到今天还用于治疗绞痛，茴香和胡妥用来治疗肠胀气。进一步的研究资料显示骨骼肌功能障碍用引赤药来刺激血液循环，用敷糊药使骨骼肌温暖，缓解功能障碍。他们用芹菜和藏红花治疗风湿，这一应用目前也是药理学研究的一个课题，石榴用来清除绦虫，这个治疗方法在50年前还在应用。Dr Campbell说，很多当时的治疗，我们在20世纪还可以发现，纵使活性成分已经被合成，实际直至今天还有许多在应用。其他的一些成分，如阿拉伯胶用于治疗咳嗽，芦荟用来光滑皮肤病用来治疗皮肤疾病，一直到今天还在应用。研究人员Dr Ryan Metcalfe现在正在发展遗传技术，用来研究古埃及这些药用植物。他设计研究来确定当代的植物种类哪一个与古代植物的样本最相关。Dr Metcalfe说，这个研究可以让我们确定哪一个植物与这些药用的植物有相似点，为我们的交易途径、有目的的培养、交易地点和治疗地点提供有力证据。通过我们的同志Judith Seath的研究，这个工作是与化学分析的工艺水平分不开的，Judith Seath擅长于古埃及挥发油和树脂的研究。KNH中心的主任Rosalie David教授说, 这些结果很重要，他们证明了古埃及总结的可信的药学方法的时间更早一些。我们继续在遗传、化学成分和相当的基础几个方面对古埃及的植物和现在的植物进行比较，研究北非的传统治疗方法和公元前1500年前他们祖先所用治疗方法的相似性。这个研究由Leverhulme Trust资助完成。state-of-the-art :工艺水平固定搭配,"最先进的"( using the most modern and recently developed methods, materials, or knowledge)